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World military expenditures fell by over 20 percent in proportion to GDP from 1985 to 1990. This study examines the determinants of military expenditures in 125 countries during 1972-90 to ascertain what factors may be behind the decreases. Economic decline among developing countries in the 1980s and among industrial countries in the latter part of the decade emerges as one possible factor. A second is the move towards more democratic regimes, which could have diminished support for the military. A third factor is the improved world security situation and the concomitant decrease in military aid by the former major cold war combatants.

We explore the implementation and development of information technology at Jackson Hewitt Tax Service, the second largest tax service in the nation. We discuss the problems the company faced over the period 1990‐1993, including a period of high growth and critical dependence on technology to operate its business. A number of systems had to be implemented to solve these problems and allow the company to continue its rapid growth without collapsing due to lack of technology infrastructure. The tight seasonal schedule the company was forced to operate within contributed to the difficulty of development, testing and operations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the citation error rate and quality of reference lists in doctoral dissertation proposals. This research also sought to examine the relationship between perfectionism and frequency of citation errors and the adherence of the reference list to the fidelity of the chosen citation style among doctoral students. Also of interest was to determine which demographic variables predict citation errors and quality of the reference list.

Participants were 64 doctoral students from various disciplines enrolled in a graduate‐level, dissertation preparatory course at a large southeastern university in the USA.

Findings indicated that graduate students with relatively high levels of self‐oriented perfectionism and other‐oriented perfectionism tended to commit the least citation errors and construct reference lists that departed the furthest from the citation style stipulations. Participants’ dissertation proposals, on average, contained more than 12 missing or inconsistent citations. This indicated that for every three citations included, one of them represented some type of error. Regression analyses revealed that: students with the lowest expectation levels tended to commit the highest rate of citation errors; and students who have taken the most courses in their graduate programs tended to receive the lowest scores pertaining to the quality of reference lists.

These findings suggest a need for more formal and more deliberate approaches for all instructors to instill in students the importance of avoiding citation errors.

To date, no research has investigated the role that perfectionism plays in relation to the commission of bibliographic citation errors.